An Overview of the Rich History of Dartmouth, Devon

Nestled on the banks of the River Dart, the historic town of Dartmouth in Devon is a treasure trove of stories and events that have shaped the local community and the broader tapestry of English history. Dartmouth is truly a town rich in historical and social heritage, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into its storied past.

Guided walks around the old town reveal its unique charm, while the nearby Dartmouth Museum, housed in the 17th-century “Butterwalk,” brings to life tales of the town’s maritime history. At the Dartmouth Visitor Centre, you can view the world’s oldest preserved steam engine, invented by Dartmouth-born Thomas Newcomen. Other notable sites include Bayard’s Cove Fort, Dartmouth Castle, and the historic churches of St Saviour’s and St Petrox.

Whether you’re a local resident or a tourist exploring the charms of Devon, you’ll find Dartmouth’s heritage both fascinating and inspiring.

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Use the links below or keep reading to discover the fascinating history of Dartmouth, Devon:

1. 1. 1. Early Beginnings and the Domesday Book
      2. The Second Crusade
      3. The Mayflower’s Historic Stop
      4. Geoffrey Chaucer’s Visit and Literary Connection
      5. Sir Humphrey Gilbert and the First English Colony
      6. Civil War Fortifications
      7. Thomas Newcomen and the Industrial Revolution
      8. The Arrival of the Royal Navy
      9. World War II and the D-Day Preparations

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Early Beginnings and the Domesday Book

The origins of Dartmouth can be traced back to the Domesday Book of 1086. The Domesday Book, also known as the “Doomsday Book,” is a manuscript record of the extensive survey of much of England and parts of Wales, completed in 1086 under the orders of King William the Conqueror. The nearby settlement of Townstal is mentioned. This early reference highlights Dartmouth’s long-standing significance in the region.

The Second Crusade

In May 1147, over ten thousand crusaders set sail from the port of Dartmouth aboard a fleet of more than 150 ships. This departure marked a significant second-stage effort to build on the momentum and success of the First Crusade, which, against the odds, had captured Jerusalem and established crusader kingdoms in the Holy Land.

The Mayflower’s Historic Stop

In 1620, the Mayflower famously docked in Dartmouth. This brief yet important stop provided respite for the Pilgrims before they embarked on their historic voyage to the New World.

After setting sail from Southampton, the Mayflower, carrying Pilgrims from northern England, and the Speedwell, with Separatists from Leiden, Holland, encountered trouble early in their voyage. The Speedwell began taking on water—possibly due to carrying too much sail or sabotage by a reluctant crew. As a result, both ships diverted to Dartmouth for repairs, arriving on August 23, 1620.

The Speedwell, described by passengers as leaking like a sieve, needed urgent repairs. The Pilgrims were met with suspicion by the locals, and while the Speedwell underwent repairs in Bayard’s Cove harbour, the Mayflower moored upstream on the River Dart, near what is now known as Pilgrim Hill. Despite changes to the waterfront over the centuries, they would still recognize landmarks like the Tudor Bayard’s Cove Fort, Lower Street, Smith Street, St Saviour’s Church, and Agincourt House, now Bayard’s Cove Inn.

After about a week of work by Dartmouth’s skilled craftsmen, the ships were ready to continue their journey, setting sail once more into the English Channel, bound for the North Atlantic.

Discover the local The Mayflower Heritage Trail which paints a colourful picture of Dartmouth in 1620, and includes some highlights from Dartmouth’s earlier and later history. Based on a map of the town drawn in 1619, the route incorporates many beautiful historic buildings that have remarkably survived from that time.

Geoffrey Chaucer’s Visit and Literary Connection

Renowned author Geoffrey Chaucer visited Dartmouth in 1373. This visit left a lasting mark on literature, as Chaucer based a character in “The Canterbury Tales” on a local shipowner. This connection to one of England’s greatest literary works underscores the town’s cultural significance.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert and the First English Colony

In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert of Greenway, near Dartmouth, claimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth I. This event marked the establishment of the first English colony, a milestone in the history of British exploration and expansion.

Civil War Fortifications

During the English Civil War, which took place in the mid-17th century, Dartmouth’s strategic importance was recognized with the construction of Gallants Bower, above Dartmouth Castle, and Mount Ridley Fort above Kingswear Castle. These fortifications played vital roles in the conflict that shaped the nation. The English Civil Wars were a devastating series of conflicts fought between supporters of King Charles I and those loyal to Parliament. These wars tore England apart, dividing society at every level. Central to the conflict were deep-seated issues of power and religion.

Thomas Newcomen and the Industrial Revolution

Born in Dartmouth in 1663, Thomas Newcomen played a pivotal role in the Industrial Revolution with his invention of the atmospheric steam engine.

The Arrival of the Royal Navy

In 1863, the Royal Navy established a presence in Dartmouth, further cementing the town’s maritime legacy. This arrival brought new opportunities and development to the area including BRNC Dartmouth, which serves as the initial training establishment for officers in the Royal Navy to this day. This officer training college was purpose-built on its Dartmouth site in 1905. However, the college originated in 1863 and had previously housed students in ships moored on the River Dart.

Many members of the Royal Family have trained at BRNC. King Charles III attended during his Royal Navy training, and it is famously where Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip met.

World War II and the D-Day Preparations

Dartmouth’s strategic significance continued into the 20th century. Prior to the D-Day landings during World War II, up to 485 ships were moored in Dartmouth harbor. Exercise Tiger, a secretive training operation for up to 30,000 troops preparing for the Normandy invasion was held at nearby Blackpool Sands and Slapton Sands.

Explore Dartmouth’s Storied Past

Dartmouth’s history is as diverse as it is rich. Exploring this charming Devon town offers a window into the events and personalities that have shaped its unique character.

If you’re keen to learn more and experience Dartmouth’s history firsthand, plan a visit and immerse yourself in the captivating stories that echo through its streets and shores. Whether you’re a history buff, a curious traveler, or a proud local, Dartmouth’s past is a wellspring of inspiration and discovery waiting to be explored.

Ready to uncover more about Dartmouth’s fascinating history? Join a guided tour, visit the local museums, or take a leisurely walk through the historic sites. Don’t miss the chance to appreciate the rich heritage that makes Dartmouth, Devon, such a remarkable place.

 

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Article written by Gemma Wilson